Prior to Akan contact with Europeans, the Akan people created an economy based on principally gold and gold bar commodities then traded with the states of Africa. The government of the Ashanti Empire operated first as a loose network and eventually as a centralised kingdom with a specialised bureaucracy centred in the capital city of Kumasi. By the 19th century, the territory of the southern part of Ghana was included in the Kingdom of Ashanti. These states included Bonoman (Brong-Ahafo region), Ashanti ( Ashanti Region), Denkyira ( Western North region), Mankessim Kingdom ( Central region), and Akwamu (Eastern region). From the 17th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create Akan states, mainly based on gold trading. By the 16th century, the Akans were established in the Akan state called Bonoman, for which the Brong-Ahafo region was named. The Akan-speaking peoples began to move into what later is Ghana toward the 15th century. The death of Naa Gbewaa caused seccession among their children, some of whom broke off and founded separate states including Mamprugu and Nanung. They invaded and occupied the lands of the local people ruled by the tendamba (land god priests), established themselves as the rulers over the locals, and made Gambaga their capital. The Mole-Dagomba came on horseback from what later is Burkina Faso under a single leader, Naa Gbewaa. Main articles: Ashanti Empire and Kingdom of Dagbon It has maintained since 1993, one of the freest and most stable governments on the continent, and it performs relatively well in healthcare, economic growth, and human development, so that it has a significant influence in West Africa and Africa as a whole and is highly integrated in international affairs, being a a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, African Union and a member of the Economic Community of West African States, Group of 24 and Commonwealth of Nations. Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is head of state and head of government. Most Ghanaians are Christians (71.3%) almost a fifth are Muslims a tenth practise traditional faiths or report no religion. Ghana is a multi-ethnic country with linguistic and religious groups while the Akan are the largest ethnic group, they constitute a plurality. Ghana subsequently became influential in decolonisation efforts and the Pan-African movement. These were unified as an independent dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations on 6 March 1957, becoming the first colony in West Africa to achieve sovereignty. Following over a century of colonisation, borders took shape, encompassing 4 separate British colonial territories: Gold Coast, Ashanti, the Northern Territories, and British Togoland. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire, followed by other European powers, contested the area for trading rights, until the British ultimately established control of the coast by the 19th century. Kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, including the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Ashanti Empire in the south. There was the Bono state of the 11th century. With over 32 million inhabitants, Ghana is the second-most populous country in West Africa, after Nigeria. It covers an area of 238,535 km 2 (92,099 sq mi), spanning biomes that range from coastal savannas to tropical rainforests. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Togo in the east. Ghana ( / ˈ ɡ ɑː n ə/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.
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